Noise dosimeters are essential tools for monitoring sound exposure in the workplace. Choosing the best dosimeter involves understanding the difference between a personal sound dosimeter and other sound level meters, adhering to international standards like IEC 61252 and ANSI S1.25-1991, and evaluating specific device features.
A noise dosimeter, as defined by IEC 61252, is a personal sound exposure meter designed to measure sound exposure in the vicinity of a person’s head, particularly for assessing occupational noise exposure (IEC 61252, 2022). Typically worn on the shoulder or collar, it evaluates both time-averaged sound levels and peak sound levels, and optionally sound exposure, accounting for sound pressure and duration. The dosimeter is used in industrial environments to ensure compliance with noise safety standards and to protect workers from hearing loss by accurately monitoring exposure levels across various sound sources.
The microphone, signal processor, and display are integral components that work together to process and store the data. It is designed to measure noise from a wide range of sound sources, including steady, intermittent, and impulsive sounds, with a typical range from 70 dB to 137 dB for A-weighted sound pressure levels. Noise dosimeters are widely used in industrial settings to ensure compliance with workplace safety standards, providing actionable data to prevent hearing loss and assess noise dose relative to legal exposure limits.
While both tools measure sound, a dosimeter is optimized for occupational hygiene by being wearable and storing LAeq data for at least 8 hours. An integrating sound level meter (SLM) is used for short-term, stationary noise assessment from a single source, whereas a dosimeter measures noise from multiple sources, which is crucial in environments like factories where workers move between noisy locations. The dosimeter must handle high sound levels up to 140 dB Peak, whereas sound meters focus more on lower SPL readings, often below 30 dBA.
International standards and local law regulations regulate noise dosimeter use. Therefore, the choice of the best device depends on meeting the requirements:
| Europe | |
| IEC 61252 ed1.1 (2002) | Specifies the performance and testing requirements for personal sound exposure meters to accurately measure sound and protect workers’ hearing. |
| ISO 1999 | Provides guidelines on estimating noise-induced hearing loss from exposure over time. |
| ISO 9612 | Details the engineering method for determining occupational noise exposure and evaluating workers’ noise exposure in the workplace. |
| EU Noise Directive 2003/10/EC | Establishes exposure limit values and action levels for workplace noise, ensuring the protection of workers’ hearing across various industries. |
| United States | |
| ANSI S1.25-1991 (R2020) | Specifies performance criteria for personal noise dosimeters, ensuring consistency in noise monitoring and measurement. |
| OSHA 29 CFR 1910.95 | Enforces occupational noise exposure regulations, setting permissible exposure limits (PEL) for workplace noise levels. |
| MSHA 30 CFR Part 62 | Regulates occupational noise exposure standards specifically for mines to protect miners from hearing loss due to excessive noise. |
| ACGIH TLVs for Noise | Publishes recommended Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for noise exposure in various occupational environments. |
The features and functionalities of noise dosimeters according to IEC 61252 are equivalent to those required by ANSI S1.25-1991 (R2020) in the United States. While there may be some differences in wording and specific criteria, both standards ensure that personal noise dose meters (dosimeters) meet strict performance requirements:
| Feature | Functionality |
|---|---|
| Microphone, Signal Processor, and Display | Includes a microphone, signal processor, and display to show real-time measurement results. |
| Frequency Weighting | Measures both A-weighted and C-weighted sound levels, as required by IEC 61672-1 for accurate noise risk assessment. |
| Measurement Indicators |
|
| Noise Measurement Range | Covers a range from 70 dB to 137 dB for A-weighted sound pressure levels and peak measurements up to 140 dB. |
| 8-hour Leq | Measures the 8-hour A-weighted equivalent continuous sound level (LAeq,8h), essential for assessing daily personal noise dose as required by ISO 1999 and the EU Directive on occupational noise. |
| Noise Criterion (Dose) | Calculates and displays the percentage criterion sound exposure (dose), showing actual sound exposure relative to the criterion, multiplied by 100. Also displays the corresponding criterion sound level and criterion duration, supporting exchange rates of 3 dB, 4 dB, or 5 dB. |
| Exchange Rate | Supports exchange rates of 3 dB, 4 dB, or 5 dB to calculate the percentage noise dose, enabling proper interpretation of exposure levels over different durations. |
| Calibration | Allows both acoustic and electrical calibration. Includes a feature for adjusting sensitivity using a sound calibrator to ensure accuracy across the frequency range. |
| Display | Provides a physical display or storage system to show or store measurement results. Simple output connections are insufficient. |
| Marking | Marked with the IEC 61252 standard number, supplier’s name, model designation, serial number, and acceptable battery types (if user-replaceable batteries are used). |
| Environmental Requirements | Conforms to class 2 sound level meter requirements for static pressure, temperature, and humidity, as defined in IEC 61672-1:2013. |
Octave band analysis is essential in factory noise monitoring as it allows for the assessment of low and high-frequency noise. By breaking down the noise into specific frequency bands, you can identify which frequencies are most dominant. This is particularly useful for identifying noise sources and fake sounds (e.g., sounds not related to typical machinery operation) that might interfere with accurate assessments.
For high-frequency noise, octave band analysis is critical in the selection of appropriate hearing protectors, as required by ISO 4869-2. The data helps ensure that hearing protection is tailored to block the most harmful frequencies, safeguarding workers’ hearing effectively.
In the industrial hygiene market, three main manufacturers offer professional dosimeters that adhere to both ANSI and IEC standards:
| Manufacturer | Features/Description |
|---|---|
| SVANTEK | A leading European brand that offers IEC-type-approved noise dosimeters, including intrinsically safe versions for hazardous environments. |
| TSI | A U.S.-based company that acquired the Quest and Casella brands, dominating the American market. They provide both non-intrinsically and intrinsically safe dosimeters. |
| Cirrus | A UK-based company offering both non-intrinsically and intrinsically safe sound dosimeters, known for their quality and reliability. |
For continuous workplace noise monitoring, a noise dosimeter such as SV 104A is preferred as it measures real exposure over a shift, aiding in preventing noise-induced hearing loss. Hand-held sound level meters are typically used for shorter measurements from a single noise source and are less suited for personal exposure assessments.
Calibration ensures that a noise dosimeter provides accurate and reliable measurements of noise. Over time, environmental factors like temperature, humidity, and regular usage can cause the device to drift from its true values. Calibration aligns the dosimeter’s readings with a known standard, ensuring that the data collected is precise and consistent with regulatory requirements.
Regular verification (often before and after each measurement session) is essential to ensure that the dosimeter continues to provide accurate decibel readings for worker’s exposure assessments, helping ensure regulatory compliance and the protection of workers from excessive noise.
| Factor | Description |
|---|---|
| Calibration | Regular calibration checks are essential to ensure accurate readings by maintaining the dosimeter’s reliability and consistency. |
| Humidity | High or low humidity levels can affect microphone sensitivity, leading to fluctuations and potential inaccuracies in measurements. |
| Temperature | Extreme temperatures can alter the performance of the dosimeter, affecting both accuracy and precision of noise measurements. |
| Microphone Type and Placement | Proper selection and positioning of the microphone are crucial to capture accurate noise levels without interference. |
| Background Noise | Ambient noise and wind can interfere with measurements, reducing precision and potentially skewing results. |
| Time and Frequency Weighting | Incorrect settings for time and frequency weighting can lead to inaccurate assessments of noise exposure. |
| Impulse Noise | Sudden high-intensity noises require the dosimeter to respond quickly and precisely to capture accurate measurements. |
| Wear and Tear | Damaged or worn components can reduce the dosimeter’s accuracy, highlighting the need for regular maintenance. |
To analyze noise results, first collect data using a noise dosimeter with data logging capabilities. Once the data is collected, download it to the manufacturer’s software. This software allows you to process noise data, including metrics like LAeq,8h, and TWA. By uploading the data files to the software, you can begin the analysis process.
With the data imported, you can use the software to analyze for peaks and other critical noise metrics. The software allows you to review time-stamped audio recordings, helping you identify and exclude unwanted sounds, and ensuring more accurate analysis. This process is essential for determining compliance with noise exposure limits and generating detailed reports.
| Feature | US (OSHA Limits) | EU (Directive 2003/10/EC) |
|---|---|---|
| Exchange Rate | 5 dB: For every 5 dB increase in noise, the allowable exposure time is halved. | 3 dB: For every 3 dB increase in noise, the allowable exposure time is halved. |
| Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) | 8-hour TWA (Time-Weighted Average): 90 dB(A). Example: 4 hours at 95 dB(A), 2 hours at 100 dB(A). | LEX,8h (Maximum Allowable): 87 dB(A). Peak Sound Pressure Level: 140 dB(C). |
| Action Level | 8-hour TWA: 85 dB(A). At or above this level, employers must implement a hearing conservation program. | Upper Exposure Action Values: – LEX,8h: 85 dB(A). – Peak Sound Pressure Level: 137 dB(C). Lower Exposure Action Values: – LEX,8h: 80 dB(A). – Peak Sound Pressure Level: 135 dB(C). |
| Peak Level | 140 dB(C): This is the true peak level, measuring the highest instantaneous noise pressure. | Exposure Limit Values: Peak sound pressure level: 140 dB(C). Action Levels: Peak sound pressure level: 137 dB(C) (Upper), 135 dB(C) (Lower). |
| Workplace Environment | Noise Levels (dB) | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Offices | 50-60 dB | Background noise from computers, printers, and conversations. |
| Retail Stores & Restaurants | 60-75 dB | Customer chatter, background music, and equipment noise. |
| Factories & Manufacturing | 80-100 dB | Machinery, conveyors, and tools; ear protection needed. |
| Construction Sites | 85-120 dB | Heavy machinery like jackhammers and drills. |
| Airports | 100-140 dB | Aircraft noise during takeoff and landing; strong hearing protection required. |
| Mining | 90-115 dB | Drilling, blasting, and heavy equipment noise; ear protection mandatory. |
| Concerts & Nightclubs | 95-110 dB | Loud music; hazardous for prolonged exposure. |
| Emergency Services | 100-115 dB | Sirens and alarms. |
| Farming | 85-100 dB | Noise from tractors and farm equipment; ear protection needed. |
In factories, construction sites, and mining operations, there are often high-impulse noises (sudden, short bursts of sound), such as those from metal stamping, hammering, or explosions. These impulse noises can exceed 140 dB and are particularly dangerous because they can cause immediate hearing damage, even with short exposure.
| Impulse Noise Source | Noise Levels (dB) | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Metal Stamping/Pressing | Up to 150 dB | Sudden, short bursts of sound from metal stamping processes. |
| Pneumatic Tools | 120-140 dB | Noise from pneumatic drills and impact tools. |
| Explosions/Blasting (Mining) | 140 dB or more | High-energy bursts of sound from blasting activities in mining operations. |
| Health Effect | Description |
|---|---|
| Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) | Permanent damage to inner ear cells, leading to irreversible hearing loss. |
| Tinnitus | Ringing or buzzing in the ears, often accompanying hearing loss. |
| Cardiovascular Issues | Increased risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke. |
| Sleep Disturbances | Poor sleep quality, insomnia, and frequent awakenings. |
| Cognitive Impairment | Reduced concentration, memory issues, and learning difficulties. |
| Increased Stress and Anxiety | Chronic stress responses leading to anxiety, irritability, and fatigue. |
| Reduced Productivity | Communication challenges and higher accident risks in noisy locations. |
| Balance Problems | Potential impact on the vestibular system, causing dizziness or disorientation. |
Noise dosimeters are specialized devices used for assessing personal noise exposure over long shifts, and they differ from sound level meters by their ability to store and integrate data over extended periods.
International standards like IEC 61252 and ANSI S1.25-1991 govern the use and performance of noise dosimeters, ensuring accurate noise monitoring for workplace safety, while additional certifications like ATEX and IECEx apply to intrinsically safe versions.
Dosimeter features must include capabilities for A/C-weighting, real-time measurements, 8-hour LAeq, peak measurements up to 140 dB, and calibration functionality to ensure accuracy and regulatory compliance.
Noise exposure limits differ between the US (OSHA) and EU regulations, with OSHA using a 5 dB exchange rate and a 90 dB(A) 8-hour TWA, while the EU employs a stricter 3 dB exchange rate and 87 dB(A) 8-hour TWA.
Health effects of excessive noise exposure include noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), tinnitus, cardiovascular issues, sleep disturbances, and cognitive impairments, making accurate noise monitoring and protective measures critical in workplaces.
An authorized SVANTEK consultant will help You with the details such as the required accessories for your noise monitoring task.
